
Elephant Formulary
© 2003-17 Susan K. Mikota DVM and Donald C. Plumb, Pharm.D. Published by
Elephant Care International
www.elephantcare.org
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Drugs Sorted by Therapeutic Class/Indication
Note these abbreviations used in parentheses after the drug name:
“H” after the drug name indicates that the horse dose is listed for this drug.
”O” indicates that doses for other species are listed (horse dose unavailable but drug potentially useful for elephants)
“E” indicates that information specific to elephants is listed.
Central Nervous System Drugs
(including anti-inflammatories, analgesics, muscle relaxants)
CNS/Respiratory Stimulants
Doxapram (H) (E)
Analgesics
Narcotic Agonists
Meperidine (H) (E)
Morphine (H) (E)
Oxymorphone (H)
Narcotic agonist/antagonists
Buprenorphine (H)
Butorphanol (H) (E)
Pentazocine (H)
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory/
Analgesic Agents
Aspirin (H)
Carprofen (O)
DMSO (H)
Flunixin (H) (E)
Ibuprofen (E)
Ketoprofen (H) (E)
Meclofenamic Acid (H)
Naproxen (H)
Phenylbutazone (H) (E)
Gold Compounds
Aurothioglucose (H)
Behavior-Modifying Agents Used for
Elephants
Acepromazine (H) (E)
Diazepem (H) (E)
Haloperidol (E)
Perphenazine (E)
Xylazine (H) (E)
Zuclopenthixol (E)
Tranquilizers/Sedatives
Acepromazine (H) (E)
Azaperone (O) (E)
Detomidine (H)
Diazepam (H) (E)
Haloperidol (E)
Medetomidine (O) (E)
Midazolam (H)
Perphenazine (E)
Promazine (H) (E)
Tiletamine/Zolazepam (H) (E)
Xylazine (H) (E)
Anesthetic Agents
Barbiturates
Pentobarbital (H)
Thiamylal (H)
Thiopental (H) (E)
Inhalants
Isoflurane (O) (E)
Halothane (H) (E)
Miscellaneous
Ketamine (H) (E)
Propofol (O)
Xylazine (H) (E)
Tiletamine/Zolazepam (H) (E)
Narcotics
Carfentanil (E)
Etorphine (E)
Reversal Agents
Atipamezole (O) (E)
Diprenorphine (E)
Nalmefene (E)
Naloxone (H) (E)
Naltrexone (O) (E)
Neostigmine (H)
Tolazoline (H) (E)
Yohimbine (H) (E)
Anticonvulsants
Diazepam (H) (E)
Phenobarbital (H) (E)
Phenytoin (H)
Muscle Relaxants, Skeletal
Atracurium (H)
Dantrolene (H)
Guaifenesin/GG (H)
Methocarbamol (H)
Succinylcholine (H) (E)
Muscle Relaxants, Smooth
Aminopropazine (H)
Euthanasia Agent
Pentobarbital/Phenytoin (H)
Cardiovascular Agents
Inotropic Agents
Digoxin (H)
Digitoxin (H)
Dobutamine (H) (E)
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Lidocaine (H) (E)
Procainamide (H)
Quinidine (H)
Anticholinergics
Atropine (H( (E)
Glycopyrrolate (H)
Vasodilating Agents
Isoxsuprine (H)
Agents Used in Treatment of Shock
Dobutamine (H) (E)
Epinephrine (H) (E)
Isoproterenol (H)
Phenylephrine (H)
Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Phenoxybenzamine (H)
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Propranolol (H)
Respiratory Drugs
Bronchodilators
Sympathomimetics
Albuterol (H)
Clenbuterol (H)
Epinephrine (H)
Isoproterenol (H)
Terbutaline (H)
Xanthines
Aminophylline/Theophyll. (H)
Antihistamines
Chlorpheniramine (O) (E)
Diphenhydramine (H)
Doxylamine (H)
Hydroxyzine (H)
Pyrilamine (H)
Tripelennamine (H)
Antitussives
Butorphanol (H) (E)
Renal and Urinary Tract
Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
Furosemide (H) (E)
Osmotic Diuretics
Mannitol (H)
Agents for Urinary Incontinence/Retention
Phenoxybenzamine (H)
Urinary Alkalinizers
Sodium Bicarbonate (H)
Urinary Acidifiers
Methionine (H)
Ammonium Chloride (H)
Cholinergic Stimulants
Bethanechol (H)
Agents for Urolithiasis
Ammonium Chloride (H)
Methionine (H)
Gastrointestinal Agents
Antiemetic Agents
Chlorpromazine (H) (E)
Diphenhydramine (H)
Metoclopramide (H) (E)
Antacids
Calcium Salts, Oral (H) (E)
Na Bicarbonate (H)
H2 Antagonists
Cimetidine (H)
Famotidine (D)
Ranitidine (H)
Gastromucosal Protectants
Sucralfate (H)
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Omeprazole (H)
Appetite Stimulants
Diazepam (H)
Oxazepam (H)
GI Antispasmodics-Anticholinergics
Propantheline (H)
GI Stimulants
Cisapride (H)
Dexpanthenol (H)
Metoclopramide (H) (E)
Neostigmine (H) (E)
Laxatives
Saline
Saline Hyperosmotics: Magnesium
Salts / Sodium Salts (H)
Bulk producing
Psyllium (H)
Lubricant
Mineral Oil (H)
Surfactant
Docusate (H)
Antidiarrheals
Kaolin/Pectin (H)
Bismuth Subsalicylate (H
Clioquinol (H)
Misc. GI Drugs
Bismuth Subsalicylate (H)
Hormones/Endocrine/Reproductive Agents
Sex Hormones
Estrogens
Estradiol (H) (E)
Progestins
Altrenogest (H)
Anabolic steroids
Boldenone (H)
Stanozolol (H)
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Oxytocics
Oxytocin (H) (E)
Adrenal Cortical Steroids
Corticotropin-ACTH (H)
Glucocorticoids
Dexamethasone (H) (E)
Flumethasone (H)
Hydrocortisone (H)
Methylprednisolone (H)
Prednisolone (H)
Prednisone (H) (E)
Triamcinolone (H)
Antidiabetic Agents
Insulin (H)
Thyroid Drugs
Thyroid Hormones
Levothyroxine (H)
Thyrotropin (TSH) (H)
Misc. Endocrine/Reproductive Drugs
Bromocriptine (H)
Chorionic Gonadotropin-HCG (H)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (H)
Prostaglandins
Cloprostenol (H)
Dinoprost (H)
Fluprostenol (H)
Antiinfective Drugs
Antiparasitics
Albendazole (O,E)
Clorsulon (O,E)
Dichlorvos (H)
Doramectin (O)
Eprinomectin (O)
Febantel (H)
Fenbendazole (H,E)
Fenthion (O)
Furazolidone (H)
Ivermectin (H,E)
Levamisole (O) (E)
Metronidazole (H,E)
Morantel (O) (E)
Oxfendazole (H)
Oxibendazole (H)
Piperazine (H)
Praziquantal (O) (E)
Pyrantal (H)
Pyrimethamine (H)
Thiabendazole (H) (E)
Anticoccidial Agents
Amprolium (O)
Decoquinate (O)
Antibiotics
Anti-tuberculosis
Amikacin (E)
Ethambutol (E)
Isoniazid (E)
Pyrazinamide (E)
Rifampin (E)
Aminocyclitols
Amikacin (H) (E)
Gentamicin (H) (E)
Neomycin (H)
Spectinomycin (H)
Tobramycin (H)
Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil (O)
Cefazolin (H)
Cefoperazone (H)
Cefotaxime (H)
Cefoxitin (H)
Ceftiofur (H) (E)
Ceftriaxone (H)
Cephalexin (H)
Cephalothin (H)
Cephapirin (H)
Macrolides
Erythromycins (H) (E)
Tylosin (O) (E)
Penicillins
Amoxicillin (H) (E)
Ampicillin (H) (E)
Cloxacillin (O)
Oxacillin (H)
Penicillin G (H) (E)
Penicillin V (H)
Ticarcillin (H)
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline (H)
Oxytetracycline (H) (E)
Tetracycline (H)
Lincosamides
Tilmicosin (O)
Quinolones
Enrofloxacin (H) (E)
Ciprofloxacin (O)
Sulfonamides
Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim(H)
Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim(H)(E)
Sulfadimethoxine (H)
Sulfadimrthoxine/Ormetoprim (O) (E)
Miscellaneous Antibacterials
Chloramphenicol (H)
Clioquinol (H)
Florfenicol (O)
Imipenem-Cilastatin (O)
Metronidazole (H) (E)
Nitrofurantoin (H)
Novobiocin (O)
Rifampin (H) (E)
Sodium Iodide (H)
Antifungal Agents
Amphotericin B (H)
Griseofulvin (H)
Itraconazole (H)
Ketoconazole (H)
Antiviral Agents
Famciclovir (E)
Blood Modifying Agents
Clotting Agents
Vitamin K
Phytonadione (H)
Anticoagulants
Heparin (H)
Warfarin (H)
Erythropoietic Agents
Ferrous Sulfate (H)
Misc. Blood Modifying Agents
Pentoxifylline (H) 579
Fluid & Electrolyte Modifiers
Electrolyte Modifiers
Calcium Salts (H)
Dextran 70 (O)
Magnesium Sulfate Inj. (O)
Mannitol (H)
Potassium (O)
Antineoplastics/Immunosuppresives
Alkylating Agents
Chlorambucil (H)
Miscellaneous Agents
Antidotes
Antivenin Polyvalent /
Coral Snake (H)
Atipamezole (O) (E)
Dimercaprol (H)
Edetate Calcium Disodium (H)
Naloxone (H) (E)
Penicillamine (O)
Phytonadione (H)
Pralidoxime (H)
Sodium Sulfate (O)
Sodium Thiosulfate (H)
Thiamine (H)
Zinc Acetate/Sulfate (O) (E)
Charcoal, activated (H)
Bone/Joint Agents
Hyaluronate (O)
Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan (H)
Dermatologic Agents (Systemic)
Pentoxifylline (H)
Vitamins and Minerals/Nutrients
Ascorbic Acid/Vit. C (H)
Thiamine (H)
Vitamin E/Selenium (H) (E)
Vitamin B Complex
Zinc Acetate/Sulfate (O)
Systemic Acidifiers
Acetazolamide (O)
Acetic Acid (H)
Systemic Alkalinizers
Sodium Bicarbonate (H)
Unclassified
Hyaluronidase (E)